Refractory: A refractory material can withstand high temperatures without disintegrating (chip or m

Ceramics and glasses represent some of the oldest materials and durable to environmental engineering. They are also materials that have progressed to the aerospace and electronics industries.
The term "ceramic" comes from the Greek word "keramikos" meaning "burnt velata warmers thing," thus indicating that the desirable properties of these materials usually after heat treatment at high temperature reached is called cooking.
They are chemical compounds or complex solutions containing metallic and nonmetallic elements. For example, alumina (Al 2 O 3) is a ceramic having metal atoms (aluminum) and non-metallic (oxygen). velata warmers Ceramic materials have a wide range of mechanical and physical properties. Because of its ionic or covalent bonds, ceramic materials are generally velata warmers hard, brittle, a high melting point, has low thermal velata warmers and electrical conductivity, good chemical and thermal stability and high compressive strength. Although most ceramic products are good electrical and thermal insulation, the SiC and AlN are similar to the thermal conductivity of metals. velata warmers Ceramic products such as FeO and ZnO, are semiconductors and, moreover, have been discovered superconducting materials such as YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x.
Modern technology is the rapid growth of advanced ceramic materials, also called structural ceramics. These were first used in 1971 for high temperature applications in gas pipelines operating at 2506 C. In the manufacture of these pieces velata warmers of silicon nitride and silicon carbide were used.
The basic material for the manufacture of ceramic products is clay in its many varieties; this, when kneaded with water, acquires plasticity velata warmers characteristics and can therefore adopt the desired velata warmers shape.
Clay ceramic materials used in construction are classified wall bricks, paving (soil) and roofing. Engineering materials can be divided into three main categories: crystalline ceramics, glass and glass ceramics.
The traditional ceramic include silicates velata warmers and oxides many compounds without widely used in both traditional velata warmers and advanced technology oxides, clays and refractories are part of this group.
Clays Common clays are used in the manufacture of bricks for construction of buildings and fire bricks. These common clays are composed of alumina and silica in various proportions, with the presence of other impurities, velata warmers such as ferric oxide (which gives red color), manganese oxide, potassium, magnesium and lime. Kaolin (white clay mainly composed of alumina and silica) is used to make earthenware, bone china, other porcelain, paper products velata warmers and refractories.
Refractory: A refractory material can withstand high temperatures without disintegrating (chip or melt). The refractory brick used in the furnace is typically an example, without the refractory, not possible modern steel industry. Refractory materials can be placed or shaped like bricks, which is done when fire clay or other material used as mortar to bond the refractory bricks.
Graphite is an excellent refractory material because it can not shatter (ie, pieces can not be separated by heat shock) due to its high thermal conductivity. Most refractories such as refractory bricks can withstand temperatures up to slightly velata warmers 1647 C before it disintegrates. velata warmers The graphite velata warmers tends to oxidize in air and can be used to 3316 C.
The silicon carbide abrasive also may be used as refractory to high